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Tornado Cash is in the news due to the sanctions imposed by the US government and the freezing of $75K of USDC from Circle. The addresses tied to the service have been publicly posted online. (Hint: we also have them in our crosschain address labels table as well).
Using those addresses:
Which of the Tornado Cash addresses received the most # of transactions in the last month, quarter, year Which addresses received the most transaction volume (worth) in the last month, quarter, year Over all the addresses, group the transactions into buckets by value. How many tx in the 0.01-0.1 ETH range went to Tornado? How many in the 0.1-1ETH range? How many in the 1-10ETH range? How many in the 10-100 ETH range? How many above 100 ETH? (split further if better)
How to answer the question
The addresses related to the tornado project can be extracted from the flipside_prod_db.crosschain.address_labels table.
To answer this question, we use the ethereum.core.fact_transactions table and consider transactions that are successful and the destination address of the transaction is among the addresses related to the tornado project.
Part1: Conclusion
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In the last one month (30 days), the address “tornado.cash: router” had the highest number of received transactions, which is equal to 16917 transactions. After that, the address “tornado.cash: torn token” had the highest number of received transactions (1879 received transactions). After these two addresses, “tornado.cash: l1 helper” had the most received transactions with 1818 transactions.
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In the last 90 days, the address “tornado.cash: router” had the highest number of received transactions, which is equal to 45826 transactions. After that, the address “tornado.cash: l1 helper” had the highest number of received transactions (5167 received transactions). After these two addresses, “tornado.cash: torn token” had the most received transactions with 3505 transactions.
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In the last one year (365 days), the address “tornado.cash: router” had the highest number of received transactions, which is equal to 89613 transactions. After that, the address “tornado.cash: proxy” had the highest number of received transactions (77124 received transactions). After these two addresses, “tornado.cash: torn token” had the most received transactions with 18688 transactions.
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The address "tornado.cash:router" has always had the highest number of received transactions, whether in the last month, in the last three months, or in the last year.
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If you look closely at the chart for the last year, you can see that the address "tornado.cash: proxy" is the second address that has received the most transactions, but if we look at the chart of the top 10 addresses for the last month and even the last three months, we do not see this address.
Introduction
TornadoCash is a non-cryptic privacy solution for the Ethereum network based on zero-aware snarks (zk-SNARKs). By using this protocol, users can break a loop of activities on the chain in order to preserve the privacy of the transaction, between the recipient and the destination address. This network acts as a sophisticated coin mixer and uses smart contracts. Tornado accepts deposits made on the Ethereum blockchain and then allows other addresses to withdraw them. Since withdrawals are made from the project's smart contract liquidity pools, there will be no way to know who the original sender is.
As you know, "hash" is a type of function that takes inputs such as letters, numbers, and images from you and returns an encrypted output with a fixed length. TornadoCash creates a secret hash after a user deposits assets into the network. Then the smart contracts accept the deposit through this hash. The acceptance of deposits by smart contracts is called "Commitment". The purpose of the pledge is to identify the true sender. In addition, it is the responsibility of the user to prove that the intended user is the owner of the asset during the withdrawal process. By entering the hash when requesting, the user essentially confirms their identity while remaining anonymous to others.
Part2: Conclusion
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In the last one month (30 days), the address “tornado.cash: router” had the highest total received transaction volume, which the total value of received transactions is approximately 97.6 thousand Eth. After that, the address “tornado.cash: l1 helper” had the highest total received transaction volume ( approximately 3 thousand Eth). After these two addresses, ”tornado.cash: 1 eth” had the most received transaction volume with 1 Eth value. Other addresses have zero transaction volume. As you can see in the pie chart, in the last month, 97% of the total value of Tornado's received transactions in the last month is for destination “tornado.cash: router”. And almost three percent of the rest is also for destination “tornado.cash: l1 helper”.
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In the last 90 days, The chart of the last three months is almost the same as the chart of the last one month in terms of ranking. The total value of received transactions for the address “tornado.cash: router” is about 443 thousand Eth. The total value of received transactions for the address “tornado.cash: l1 helper” is about 7.7 thousand Eth. After these two addresses, ”tornado.cash: 1 eth” had the most received transaction volume with 1 Eth value. ”tornado.cash: deployer” had the most received transaction volume with 0.046 Eth value. Other addresses have zero transaction volume. As you can see in the pie chart, in the last 90 days, 98.3% of the total value of Tornado's received transactions in the last 90 days is for destination “tornado.cash: router”. And almost 1.72% of the rest is also for destination “tornado.cash: l1 helper”.
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In the last one year (365 days), the address “tornado.cash: router” had the highest total received transaction volume, which the total value of received transactions is approximately 920.6 thousand Eth. After that, the address “tornado.cash: proxy” had the highest total received transaction volume ( approximately 770.6 thousand Eth). After these two addresses, ”tornado.cash: l1 helper” had the most received transaction volume with 11.7 thousand Eth value. As you can see in the pie chart, in the 365 days, 54.1% of the total value of Tornado's received transactions in the last month is for destination “tornado.cash: router”. And almost 45.2% of the rest is also for destination “tornado.cash: proxy”. And only 0.69% is for destination ”tornado.cash: l1 helper”.
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The address "tornado.cash:router" has always had the highest total received transaction volume, whether in the last month, in the last three months, or in the last year.
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If you look closely at the chart for the last year, you can see that the address "tornado.cash: proxy" is the second address that has the most received transaction volume , but if we look at the chart of the top 10 addresses for the last month and even the last three months, we do not see this address.
Part3: Classification of transactions by value
Now we want to categorize all the successful transactions that were destined to Tornado project addresses. The classification is also done based on the eth_value of the transactions.
- Transactions that are worth less than 0.01 ETH are placed in the "A: Under 0.01 ETH" category.
- Transactions whose value is in the range [0.01-0.1) are placed in category “B: 0.01-0.1 ETH“.
- Transactions whose value is in the range [0.1-1) are placed in category “C: 0.1-1 ETH”.
- Transactions whose value is in the range [1-10) are placed in category “D: 1-10 ETH”.
- Transactions whose value is in the range [10-100) are placed in category “E: 10-100 ETH”.
- Transactions that are worth more than 100 ETH are placed in the "'F: Above 100 ETH" category.
The chart below shows how many successful transactions have been made to Tornado addresses in each category.
Part 3 : Conclusion
As you can see, most of the transactions (about 278.89k transaction) had a value of less than 0.01 ETH. according to the pie chart, in fact, 63% of the transactions are in this group. After that, the group “D: 1-10 ETH” has had the largest number of transactions (about 55.85K transactions), which is equivalent to 12.6% of all successful transactions to Tornado.
Part6 : Classification of transactions with tornado.cash: l1 helper destination by value
Now we want to categorize the successful transactions that were destined for “tornado.cash: l1 helper” based on their ETH_value